The Order of Malta has been active in the Czech Republic with the Grand Priory of Bohemia since the 12th century (since 1159), carrying out health and welfare work which were resumed nationwide in 1990 after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Czechoslovakia then re-established diplomatic relations with the Order, later confirmed in 1993 after the separation of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Currently the Order of Malta provides transport to school for children with disabilities in rural areas of Southern Bohemia and supports the regional emergency services, caring in particular for the lonely, the homeless, the sick and the disabled.